Manchester Airport Simulator Mac OS

adminMay 09 2021

Manchester Airport Simulator Mac OS

Mach-O
Filename extension
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	com.apple.mach-o-binary
Developed by	Carnegie Mellon University, Apple Inc.
Type of format	Binary, executable, object, shared libraries, core dump
Container for	ARM, SPARC, PA-RISC, PowerPC and x86executable code, memory image dumps

Manchester Airport Simulator Mac Os Catalina

Mach-O, short for Machobject file format, is a file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, dynamically-loaded code, and core dumps. A replacement for the a.out format, Mach-O offers more extensibility and faster access to information in the symbol table.^{[citation needed]}

Mach-O is used by most systems based on the Mach kernel. NeXTSTEP, macOS, and iOS are examples of systems that use this format for native executables, libraries and object code.

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Mach-O file layout[edit]

Each Mach-O file is made up of one Mach-O header, followed by a series of load commands, followed by one or more segments, each of which contains between 0 and 255 sections. Mach-O uses the REL relocation format to handle references to symbols. When looking up symbols Mach-O uses a two-level namespace that encodes each symbol into an 'object/symbol name' pair that is then linearly searched for, first by the object and then the symbol name.^[1]

The basic structure—a list of variable-length 'load commands' that reference pages of data elsewhere in the file^[2]—was also used in the executable file format for Accent.^{[citation needed]} The Accent file format was in turn, based on an idea from Spice Lisp.^{[citation needed]}

Multi-architecture binaries[edit]

Under NeXTSTEP, OPENSTEP, macOS, and iOS, multiple Mach-O files can be combined in a multi-architecture binary. This allows a single binary file to contain code to support multiple instruction set architectures. For example, a multi-architecture binary for iOS can have 7 instruction set architectures, namely ARMv6 (for iPhone, 3G and 1st / 2nd generation iPod touch), ARMv7 (for iPhone 3GS, 4, 4S, iPad, 2, 3rd generation and 3rd–5th generation iPod touch), ARMv7s (for iPhone 5 and iPad (4th generation)), ARMv8-A A64 also known as arm64 (for iPhone 5S to iPhone X), ARMv8.3-A A64 also known as arm64e (for iPhone XS and MacBook Air (M1)), x86 (for iPhone simulator on 32-bit machines), and x86_64 (64-bit simulator).^{[citation needed]}

Minimum OS version[edit]

With the introduction of Mac OS X 10.6 platform the Mach-O file underwent a significant modification that causes binaries compiled on a computer running 10.6 or later to be (by default) executable only on computers running Mac OS X 10.6 or later. The difference stems from load commands that the dynamic linker, in previous Mac OS X versions, does not understand. Another significant change to the Mach-O format is the change in how the Link Edit tables (found in the __LINKEDIT section) function. In 10.6 these new Link Edit tables are compressed by removing unused and unneeded bits of information, however Mac OS X 10.5 and earlier cannot read this new Link Edit table format. To make backwards-compatible executables, the linker flag '-mmacosx-version-min=' can be used.

Other implementations[edit]

Some versions of NetBSD have had Mach-O support added as part of an implementation of binary compatibility, which allowed some Mac OS 10.3 binaries to be executed.^[3]^[4]

For Linux, a Mach-O loader was written by Shinichiro Hamaji^[5] that can load 10.6 binaries. As a more extensive solution based on this loader, the Darling Project aims at providing a complete environment allowing OS X applications to run on Linux.

For the Ruby programming language, the ruby-macho^[6] library provides an implementation of a Mach-O binary parser and editor.

References[edit]

^'OS X ABI Mach-O File Format Reference'. Apple Inc. February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
^Avadis Tevanian, Jr.; Richard F. Rashid; Michael W. Young; David B. Golub; Mary R. Thompson; William Bolosky; Richard Sanzi. 'A Unix Interface for Shared Memory and Memory Mapped Files Under Mach': 8.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
^Emmanuel Dreyfus (June 20, 2006). 'Mach and Darwin binary compatiblity [sic] for NetBSD/powerpc and NetBSD/i386'. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
^Emmanuel Dreyfus (September 2004), Mac OS X binary compatibility on NetBSD: challenges and implementation(PDF)
^Shinichiro Hamaji, Mach-O loader for Linux - I wrote...
^William Woodruff, A pure-Ruby library for parsing Mach-O files.

External links[edit]

OS X ABI Mach-O File Format Reference (Apple Inc.)
Mach-O(5) – Darwin and macOS File Formats Manual
Mach Object Files (NEXTSTEP documentation)